«هاگاکوره کتاب سامورایی» نوشته «یاماموتو چونه تومو» با ترجمه «سید رضا حسینی» از روی ترجمه انگلیسی آن، توسط انتشارات چشمه به چاپ رسیده است، چاپ اول در بهار 1389 و چاپ دوم در بهار1390 انجام شده که استقبال خوبی را به همراه داشته است.به گزارش هنرنیوز، «هاگاکوره» به معنای «پوشیده با برگها» و یا «برگ های پوشیده»، عنوان کتابی است که در 1716 از نگارش گفته های «چونه تومو» پدید آمد و شامل آیین ها و طریقت سامورایی های ژاپن است. بعد از مرگ «نابشیما میتسوشیگه» امیر منطقه ای در ژاپن، به دلیل اینکه خودکشی آیینی توسط خود امیر و بعد از آن توسط حکومت ممنوع اعلام شده بود، چونه توموکه از نزدیکترین مریدان امیر بود برای وفاداری به امیر و پیروی از فرمان امیر اقدام به «جون شی» یا همان خودکشی آیینی نکرد بلکه درخواست استعفا کرده و به کسوت راهبی بودایی در می آید و در انزوا به زندگی خود ادامه می دهد.در سال 1710 سامورایی جوانی به نام «تاشیرو چوراموتو» که از خدمت مرخص شده بود با «چونه تومو» آشنا می شود، مصاحبت آنها هفت سال دوام می یابد و در دهم سپتامبر 1716 گفته های «چونه تومو» آن گونه که سامورایی جوان آنها را ثبت کرده بود در قالب کتابی درآمد که نام «هاکاگوره» بر آن نهادند.مترجم انگلیسی کتاب، در مقدمه اثر خود ابتدا به چگونگی پدید آمدن کتاب اشاره می کند، سپس به طور دقیق و مختصر درباره تاریخ خاندان «نابشیما» از بنیان گذاری آن، جنگ ها و ادامه روند خاندانی سه نسل آن می پردازد که «یاماموتو چونه تومو» هم بعد ها در قلمرو همین خاندان به دنیا می آید و به خدمت در امارت امیر «میتسوشیگه» مشغول می شود.«چونه تومو» فصل هایی متفاوت از کتاب «هاگاکوره» را به شرح رفتار و کردارهای این سه امیر پرداخته که بخش اعظمی از تاثیراتش برای نگارش کتاب را در بر می گیرد، در ادامه از مردان دیگری که تاثیر فراوان در زندگی و روحیات چونه تومو گذاشتند نام می برد و مختصری درباره آنها توضیحاتی می دهد.کل گفتگوهای مندرج در «هاگاکوره» درباره آیین و رفتارهای سامورایی بیش از هزار و سیصد گفتار است، اما مترجم انگلیسی این کتاب در حدود سیصد عنوان از این گفتارها را که به گفته خودش جوهره کتاب هستند گزینش نموده است و چنین توضیح می دهد: «کتاب به شکل سنتی به یازده فصل و تحت عناوینی همچون احکام، گفته های امیر نائوشیگه، داستان های دیگر امارت ها و یا در فصل نهایی با عنوان وقایع بی ارتباط در فصل پیشین، تقسیم شده است. گزین گویه هایی که در این کتاب آمده است، بر گرفته از تمام فصول به جز فصل پنجم هستند، که در واقع فصلی است در خصوص ثبت وقایع تاریخی قابل توجه، مثل زادروزها، بازگشت یک امیر نابشیما از ادو و یا دیدار نویسنده کتاب از قلعه».نوشته آغازین کتاب را می توان دلیل اصلی «یاماموتو چومه تومو» برای نگارش کتابش بدانیم. چومه تومو می نویسد: «اگر چه خرد می گوید یک سامورایی باید طریقت سامورایی را الگوی نظر خویش قرار دهد، اما به نظر می رسد همه ما آن را از خاطر برده ایم. چنین است که اگر کسی بپرسد، «معنای راستین طریقت سامورایی(بوشیدو) چیست؟»، مردانی که قادر باشند بی درنگ پاسخ دهند، انگشت شمارند. چرا که پاسخ از پیش در ذهن بسیاری روشن نیست. از این نکته می توان بی اعتنایی به طریقت سامورایی را دریافت، بی شمارند غافلان».از موضوعات سخنان چومه تومو در کتاب می توان به مواردی مانند مرگ، گفتار و کردار، همت در کارها، اطاعت از امیران، وفاداری، آراستگی سامورایی، نیایش و ... اشاره کرد.کتاب «هاگاکوره کتاب سامورایی» با ترجمه «سید رضا حسینی» از روی نسخه انگلیسی آن که ترجمه است از «ویلیام اسکات ویلسون» توسط نشر چشمه در 176 صفحه منتشر شده است و اینک چاپ دوم آن با تیراژ 1500 نسخه در اختیار علاقمندان قرار گرفته است.
The Way of the Samurai is in the death of his ego, so he selflessly lives a life that embraces death with honor. So deals with the transcendental area including both life and death. If man considers himself dead, he will live his life in complete peace.Accepting Death is the only way to be freeThe Way of the Samurai is found in death. When it comes to either/or, there is only the quick choice of death. It is not particularly difficult. Be determined and advance. To say that dying without reaching one's aim is to die a dog's death is the frivolous way of sophisticates. When pressed with the choice of life or death, it is not necessary to gain one's aim. We all want to live. And in large part we make our logic according to what we like. But not having attained our aim and continuing to live is cowardice. This is a thin dangerous line. To die without gaining one's aim is a dog's death and fanaticism. But there is no shame in this. This is the substance of the Way of the Samurai. If by setting one's heart right every morning and evening, one is able to live as though his body were already dead, he gains freedom in the Way. His whole life will be without blame, and he will succeed in his calling.Be always prepared, you may not have timeAlthough all things are not to be judged in this manner, I mention it in the investigation of the Way of the Samurai. When the time comes, there is no moment for reasoning. And if you have not done your inquiring beforehand , there is most often shame. Reading books and listening to people's talk are for the purpose of prior resolution. Above all, the Way of the Samurai should be in being aware that you do not know what is going to happen next, and in querying every item day and night. Victory and defeat are matters of the temporary force of circumstances.A person who knows but a little will put on an air of knowledge. This is a matter of inexperience. When someone knows something well, it will not be seen in his manner.Live in the moment and free your mind from anything else.There is surely nothing other than the single purpose of the present moment. A man's whole life is a succession of moment after moment. If one fully understands the present moment, there will be nothing else to do, and nothing else to pursue. Live being true to the single purpose of the moment.A Samurai's VowsNever be outdone in the Way of the Samurai.To be of good use to the master.To be filial toward my parents.To manifest great compassion, and to act for the sake of Man.
Hagaukure or 'In the Shadows of Leaves' is a powerful book with powerful words arranged in a manner of short anecdotes collected over a period of years covering a wide variety of subjects mostly providing an insight on the behaviour of a samurai (warrior). Though it is not considered as a philosophical book, as the main anecdotes are more in the form of teachings for a warrior, these basic teachings are still applicable today in different modes of life and to learn and apply these basic teachings, you are a warrior in the course of your life fighting the norms of society and one's own confidently.There is much knowledge to be found here from how to conduct yourself while in public view, and perspective on self-discipline. The book's functional philosophy also includes deep wisdom in the form of stories and sayings which makes it unique. This philosophy is refreshing because it has less to do with how one thinks, and everything to do with how one acts.The book is deservedly a classic of Japanese philosophy, and emphasizes on other parts of samurai philosophy as it provides glimpse of what a true Samurai should be like.
—Aman Mittal
Hagakure: Book of the Samurai was written by Yamamoto Tsunetomo, a samurai who lived from 1659-1719. The version that I read was translated by William Scott Wilson.ttThe book was written in short thoughts and anecdotes, this combination gives the reader a look into not only the mind of the samurai but it also helps the reader understand the times and the culture of the samurai. tAs one would expect there are many thoughts and stories about what death and honor meant to the samurai. But it also covers some less expected subjects, such as education, religion, compassion, politeness, and even thoughts on homosexuality (seemed that sexuality wasn't nearly as important as duty). tThere are many things in the book for the reader to think about and several may be a bit difficult for people of modern times to understand, like the fact that by the age of 15 a samurai was expected to go to where the condemned prisoners are kept and practice decapitation. Or committing ritual suicide to follow their retainer into the afterlife. One of the things that really made me stop and think; loyalty equals sincerity. ttEven though there are things that might be difficult for people of today to relate to there are several thoughts that people of today would be all the better if they incorporated into their lives. tYamamoto Tsunetomo tells his thoughts on the younger samurais of his day compared to the older samurai of just 50 yrs before and the story reminded me that the more things change the more they stay the same. I can't remember his exact words, so I'll paraphrase: “Damn kids today have no respect or idea of how things should be done” (and yes I even pictured him shaking his fist in the air as he said it). tOverall I enjoyed the book and it did give me a lot to think about and a better understanding of a people. Highly recommend Hagakure to anyone interested in samurai, the people or the philosophy.
—Felonious
This book surprised me. It has a great, informative introduction, that prepares you fairly well for what's to come. It then goes into the Hagakure proper... which is (to me, & probably to modern Western society) a strange & gruesome book.There were many tales & passages in here I found admirable, inspirational, etc. & many I laughed at for their sheer cold-bloodedness. Some weren't that interesting at all, except for the glimpse into the way their world functioned. But overall, I took a lot away from it.What surprised me most is: their society wasn't so very unlike ours. They had rules, both those enforced by law, & those enforced by decency. They had rebels, drunkards, power-hungry fools. They cared how they dressed & groomed. They played favourites, & could let certain actions go unrewarded or unpunished depending on who commit them. All of this touched me somehow. There is a samurai code of honour, no doubt about that - but it might not be what you expect after reading through the Hagakure.
—Arthur Cravan
