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Things Fall Apart (1994)

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ISBN
0385474547 (ISBN13: 9780385474542)
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English
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Things Fall Apart (1994) - Plot & Excerpts

أفريقيا الساحرة القارة السمراء ، المهضوم حقها فنياً وأدبياً يخرج منها عمل أدبى من أجمل ماقرأت لعل أجمل ما ميّز نجيب محفوظ ، وجعله على قمة الكُتّاب المصريين والعرب أجمعين، وجعله واحد من أعلام الكتابة فى العالم ، هو قدرته الساحرة على رسم صورة المجتمع المصرى والحارة المصرية بكل تفاصيلها وهذا مافعله الكاتب هنا الكاتب نجح ببراعة فى استغلال موهبته الأدبية لرسم صورة كاملة للحياة فى أفريقيا وبالتحديد فى نيجيريا .فيتخذ من قرية " أوموفيا " نموذجاً يوضح من خلاله الإطار العام للحياة فى ظلال هذا المجتمع تماماً كما فعل محفوظ مع الحارة المصرية حينما اتخدها نموذجاً لتوضيح معالم المجتمع المصرى وماجعل الصورة كاملة بحق ، هو انه تعرض لأدق التفاصيل فى حياة أهل القرية من أسلوب حياتهم ومسكنهم ، إلى مراسم دفنهم لموتاهم وعقائدهم الدينيه ، وأكلهم وشربهم ، عملهم وتجارتهم حياة كاملة تنبض بين الصفحات فى هذه الرواية تحكى الرواية قصة مأساة " أوكونكو" أحد أقطاب قبيلة " أوبى " فى قرية " أوموفيا " فيسرد الكاتب بأسلوبه الممتع سيرة أوكونكو منذ نشأته الأولى ، وجهاده ، وعمله المتصل ليصل إلى مركز مرموق فى القبيلة وتتوالى الأحداث متعرضة لحياة أوكنوكو مع أبنائه وزوجاته الثلاث ، موضحاً الكاتب من خلالها الأبعاد الكاملة لشخصية أوكونكو .فهو المصارع البطل ، والزوج العادل ، والأب العطوف.. بالرغم مما يبديه دائماً من الشدة والقسوة لأبنائه وزوجاته وتمر الأيام ،ويتورط أوكونكو فى جريمة تقضى عليه بالنفى لمدة سبع سنوات خارج القبيلة ثم تمر فترة العقوبة التى حدث فيها الكثير من الأحداث لاداعى لحرقها ، ويعود لقبيلته فيكتشف أن الدين المسيحىّ يتوغل فى قبيلته، وينصدم بانقلاب الحال فى القبيلة التى انقسمت مابين مؤيد ومعارض للدين المنافى لتقاليد الآلهة القديمة وتتوالى الأحداث تباعاً فى صراع مابين التقاليد والدين الجديد ومابين كهنة الآلهة القديمة ودعاة الدين المسيحى .. حتى تأتى النهاية تقول المترجمة فى مقدمة الرواية ، واتفق معها بشدة فى هذا الكلام أن من أسرار جمال الرواية ، الحيادية التامة من الكاتب تجاه الأحداثستتسائل كثيراً وأنت تقرأ ، مالموقف الذى يتخذه الكاتب من كل هذه الأحداث ؟وهذا يعنى بالطبع أن الصورة وحدها هى التى تتحدث إلى القارئ ، بما فى هذه الحياة من قسوة وقيم خاطئة ، ومن بساطة وجمال وشاعريةذكرت سابقاً أن أجمل مالمسته فى الرواية ، التفاصيل .واذا تحدثت عن بعض هذه التفاصيل فأقول أن الكاتب تعرض لكل شئ يمكن تخيله فى الحياة الاجتماعية تقريباًطقوس الزواج ، وطقوس الزراعة الأطعمة المتمثلة فى ثمار معدودة كثمار" اليام "التى هى أهم الأطعمة وثمار "الكولا " التى تقدم فى مراسم الترحيب بالضيوف ومراسم الترحيب بالضيوف لها قصة وحدها وخمر النخيل ، وحساء الفوفو ،وحساء الورقة المرة ثم يتعرض للعقيدة والدين والآلهة المتعددة التى يؤمنون بها ، فهناك اله للأرض والزراعة ، وهنالك اله للمطر ، وهناك اله للتلال والجبال ، وفوق كل هذا ، لكل شخص الهه الخاص به المسؤول عن حظه فى الحياة نترك أمور الدين ونتكلم فى القضاء فالقبيلة تلجأ فى حكمها إلى جماعة يزعمون أنهم اشخاص تلبستهم أرواح الأسلاف الحكيمة ويدعونهم " جماعة الأوجوجو " وهى تتكون من تسعة اشخاص تخرج بزى مهيب فى ساحات القضاء للفصل بين الناس ويتميزون عن باقى الناس بزيهم الذى يبعث رهبة فى نفوس كل من يراهم والرسوم على الوجه ، والريش على الرأس ، والعصا التى تدق الأرض بحساب ثم يتحدث عن العادات الغريبة التى يناقشها بحيادية تامة مثل ولادة التوائم، وأن التوائم لعنة فى نظر الكهنة ،فكلما تلد امرأة توأم يتركونهم فى غابة موحشة لإرضاء الآلهة . وأن من يقتل أحداً بالخطأ يُنفى من القبيلة لسنوات إلى آخره من من التفاصيل والتفاصيل التى ترسم المجتمع بصورة كاملة تجعلك تشعر أنك تعيش فى الرواية أثناء القراءة أنا عن نفسى شعرت أنى فى أفريقيا بكامل إدراكى وانا أقرأ الرواية . وهذا دليل على سحر الرواية وتمكن الكاتب حتى الجمال والحب الأفريقى .. رسمه الكاتب بطريقة من اجمل مايكون الرجال ربما يتزوجون تسع زوجات فى وقت واحد ومع ذلك تُكِنّ له كل منهن حباً ووفاءً لا مثيل له كل زوجة تحب ضُرّتها ، وتحب أبناء زوجها من زوجاته الأخريات والزوج يبادلهن هذا الحب ، فتجده يحرص على أن تطهى له كل زوجة منهن وجبة كاملة فى كل موعد للطعام ، ولايردّ طعام أى منهن ، بل يأكل من كل الأطباق ومن أيدى كل الزوجات باعثاً فى أنفسهن الرضا والسرور ومقدراً لحب كل واحدة ، مطبقاً العدل والمساواة بينهن ترجمة الرواية من أجمل مايكون ، رغم أن المترجمة ذكرت فى المقدمة أن السبب فى قلة اهتمام العالم بالأدب الأفريقى هو أن معظم مايكتبه الأفريقيون يكتبوه باللغات المحلية ، وهى لغات كثيرة جداً ومختلفة عن بعضها ومعقدة للغاية .وأن مانجح فى الانتشار من الأدب الافريقى لايتعدى الأعمال التى تُكتب باللغة الانجليزية لأفارقة مهاجرين أو غيرها من اللغات الأجنبيه المعروفة ، ومهما كان .. فهم قليلون مقارنةً بالكتاب الأفارقة المتأصّلين فى افريقيا ذاتها ختاماً هذه الرواية ساحرة ، مفعمة بالتفاصيل والحكايات الممتعة تكشف عن عالم ربما لم تقرأ عنه من قبل ،وربما لن تقرأ عنه فيما بعد كثيراًرواية نجحت فى الوصول لشمس الشهرة إلى حد ما ، وسط آلاف الأعمال الأفريقية الأخرى التى تعثرت فى الوصول للعالمية ولكنها مع ذلك كانت كفيلة لـ لفت انتباه العالم إلى أن افريقيا موجودة على خريطة الأدب وأن افريقيا تستحق اهتماماً من القُرّاء وعالم الأدب بشكل عام أكثر من ذلك بكثير تمت

Whenever I buy a book for someone as a gift I always include a bookmark, its one of those things I inherited from my parents. As a result of which, whenever I see some nice or quirky or unusual bookmarks I buy them. A few years ago I bought about ten long metal markers on which were engraved the 50 books one 'ought to have read'. Looking down the list I saw this one and ticked it off as one I had read, though I didn't remember it very well. Then a few months ago my book-club opted to read it. As I began to read three things happened. Firstly, I realized I had never read it before, secondly I was blown away by it and thus thirdly I wholeheartedly realize why it is engraved on that bookmark.The story is simply told. A wrestling hero in West Africa rules the roost of his home and village and his reputation keeps him godlike almost in everyone's regard. Then he accidentally kills one of his clan and he must go into exile for a few years. When he returns all has changed and he finds it impossible to regain his previous position. The colonial powers and the 'attached missionaries' have taken up the ruling status and, cut adrift from everything he was and stood for, Okonkwo follows his world's example and 'falls apart'.That is the story but Achebe takes this and creates something unimaginably beautiful. His hero is a bully, vicious, impatient and arrogant. He is cruel and heartless and totally unattractive and yet, and yet, Achebe succeeds in making you care for him and feel the agony of his confusion as the world he knew and dominated is swept aside by a crass disregard for the history and traditions by the 'enlightened colonial rulers'.Three short quotations to intimate the gift of Achebe.'anxiety mounted in every heart that heaved on a bamboo bed that night'Say that out loud and deny that there is an extraordinary rhythm to that sentence. It captures beautifully and simply the doom-laden drum beat that Achebe had said was echoing through the jungle throughout that scene. In the hand of a true poet nothing need be explicit.'He felt a relief within as the hymn poured into his parched soul. The words were like the drops of frozen rain melting on the dry plate of the panting earth. Nwoye's callow mind was greatly puzzled.Here Achebe, again understated, bringing home the idea of the people moulded and created from the land. That close link with the land which those who were coming to 'help them' were supremely failing to understand. Alien rites and experiences unexplained but imposed would wreak havoc unless couched in the terms of the world in which their hearer lived and grew.And finally'Umuofia was like a startled animal with ears erect, sniffing the silent, ominous air and not knowing which was to run.'I just found the image itself amazing. The freedom Achebe uses here is one which many writers might shy from now in fear of being misinterpreted or misunderstood. Achebe's authorial voice simply impressed me here. He is writing out of the lived experience of his characters and we choose to sit on the sidelines and observe or enter in and begin to sense a little of their pain. As a middle class brit in 21st Century Uk I can never feel the agony or devastation of Okonkwo, Chinua Achebe manages to make me somewhat ashamed that that is the case and for that I acknowledge his amazing skill and thank him for it.

What do You think about Things Fall Apart (1994)?

How To Criticize Things Fall Apart Without Sounding Like A Racist Imperialist:1. Focus on the plot and how nothing very interesting really happens. Stress that it was only your opinion that nothing interesting happens, so that everyone realizes that you just can't identify with any of the events described, and this is your fault only. 2. Explain (gently and with examples) that bestowing daddy issues on a flawed protagonist is not a sufficient excuse for all of the character's flaws, and is a device that has been overused ad naseum. 3. Also explain how the main character is a generic bully, with no unique characteristics that make him interesting to the reader. Crack joke about Achebe stealing Walt Disney's How To Create A Villain checklist and pray no one beats you to death for it. 4. Do not criticize the rampant misongyny present in the book. It is part of the culture, and is therefore beyond criticism by you because you are not in a position to understand or comdemn what you have not experienced directly. 5. Do not say that the frequent use of untranslated words and confusing names that were often very similar made the story and characters hard to keep track of at times. Achebe is being forced to write in English, a foreign tongue, because he is a post-colonial writer and the fact that the book is written in English stresses his role as a repressed minority, something that you are incapable of understanding, you racist imperialist! Read for: Perspectives on Literature
—Madeline

Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart is a substantial and illuminating piece of African literature written by its author in the English language with the purposes of not only portraying the Nigerian tribal culture through the neutral lenses of one of its native writers, but also to connect with a wider, global audience who very much need a fresh perspective when it comes to how Africans live, worship and govern themselves as families and clans. In this sense, most of the critical acclaim that this novel received is well-deserved. I could definitely agree that it's something schools should require for students to read and analyse in their literature classes. I also think that the broader strokes that Achebe achieved in writing Things Fall Apart must be better appreciated, I believe, with the sequels that followed it. I myself feel encouraged to pick them up someday. For now, I'm content to lavish on the richly detailed significant moments that happened in this book which were relayed with both sheer insight and pragmatism in a scale I thought was admirable and genuine.The central figure of this book is a native named Okonkwo who is considered to be one of the most formidable wrestlers in his clan. He also fancies himself as a self-made man of brute force and hard labor, dedicated in making a name and reputation for himself where his own father before him has failed. From the very start, readers are immediately informed that Okonkwo despises weakness and laziness since his culture demands a man to be strong with the typical and traditional traits of masculinity. He must be steadfast in dominating his wives and children and must never show affection or leniency even towards his loved ones. The mark of a proud man, indeed, and this singular quality has made him rather unappealing to me. Nevertheless, I thought he was a main character I didn't mind reading about or learning more from since there are other times I think he is also sympathetic enough to warrant some of my understanding and compassion. I like the fact that Okonkwo values hard work above all else, that he has to strive to attain for a prosperous life, and that he wants the same for his eldest son borne of his first wife. In this sense, I thought he was agreeable enough.With Okonkwo as the focal point, Achebe also explored the inner workings of the clan he is a part of which include some practices and customs that may seem bizarre from an outsider's point-of-view. Much of the book delved upon the daily grind of their lives which include the homemaking and services provided by the women, festivities and certain offerings for their gods especially during harvest seasons, and the clan's very own judicial system which may seem primitive if not outright cruel for modern readers who will encounter it in this book but I think it's a system that works best for them in the long run. There is also a matter of how Okonkwo treats his wives and children which are questionable, of course, because he can be violent and definitely beats them around whenever they displease him but Achebe never describes this violence in detail which gives the effect that such a occurrence is commonplace. I didn't particularly feel enraged either only because Achebe can somehow make a reader readily understand that this is simply a matter of how the culture works and whatever preconceived judgments someone of my own upbringing has should be cast aside to enable to view this with a more pragmatic observation. I succeeded, in this case, and bore in mind that a husband beating his wife in the context of their culture is his right because she is his property, and that is a norm I should only consider myself fortunate not to be a part of. In my perspective, it is nothing other than systematic abuse that is normalized by societal acceptance, but to the clansmen and women it's what is prescribed by their laws and religion. I find it amusing, though, that there was a mention of a certain holiday where husbands cannot beat their wives because it would displease gods. The irony of that did not escape me.I think books like this one (and Mahfouz' Palace Walk which I read a week ago) have challenged me to keep an open mind when it comes to things which I'm readily prejudiced against especially when it comes to the maltreatment or oppression of women as portrayed in fiction. I think an author's intention is the defining point in this and so far neither Achebe or Mahfouz has glorified violence or the subjugation of women and their neutrality is helpful and comforting somewhat. Still, there are real social issues and horrors that condemn and harm women across the world; some of those struggles are culturally unique as well, but although Achebe and Mahfouz have touched upon them in their respective books, their stories were ultimately not modes of advocating for it or against it, so readers shouldn't concern themselves too seriously about them when reading either of these books. Or you may choose to do so but hopefully with caution, tact and good intentions. Such an open discussion is something that might prove to be otherwise fruitful. Going back to the review: Things Fall Apart as a chronicle of tribal life is well-versed and insightful, but midway in the book, the story gradually builds up to the altercations and cross-cultural misunderstandings that occur between the Africans and the Christian missionaries who settled in their homelands, and whose warped sense of ethnocentrism and religious fervor drove them to convert these people they perceive to be barbaric and inferior to them. I thought this is the most exciting part of the entire novel itself even though it only happened for less than a hundred pages. Amdist this conflict is Okonkwo who view these outsiders as a plague that threaten to corrode their way of life and worship, and he must make the ultimate choice as an individual as to whether or not he must subject himself and his family to their will.At the heart of Things Fall Apart are the small moments of triumph and compassion that Okonkwo and his family share which are my favorite parts of the book. But, unlike Palace Walk, this novel is not character-centered so I can admit that I find myself rather detached at times when reading certain texts. I never felt like I knew any of the characters in this book so identifying with their sorrows and struggles never deepen enough to take root. In general, I've looked at the events that took place in Things Fall Apart with the knowledge and experience of someone who grew up and lived in a colonized nation such as the Philippines. Contextualizing my own cultural struggles with the ones Achebe have showcased here was rather helpful. My country is an archipelago which meant that there are still a variety of existing tribal natives in other lands, and though the Philippines is now a homogeneous Christian nation, that road to progress is paved by civil wars between the Filipinos and their Spanish patrons who aimed to spread the Catholic faith by any means necessary.I think this was why I was very fascinated and sympathetic with the last five or six chapters of the book that delved upon this conflict because I have read it in my own history books. In this manner, I thought Things Fall Apart is remarkable and brilliant. It may not be as personal or intimate as my reading of Mahfouz' Palace Walk has been but it's nonetheless just as invigorating and exceptional. This is a book with impressive breadth and insight, and one you should strive to explore at one point in your life. It's quite an indisputable treasure.RECOMMENDED: 8/10DO READ MY REVIEWS AT
—Kee the Ekairidium

This is my new favorite book because within five minutes, a person's reaction will tell me how defensive they are about being considered racist, whether or not they've been accused that minute.This is an excellent way to identify racists, for fun and profit.Seriously, covering it in class has been like, "Fielding Racists 101" and "How to Sound Over-Defensive When Talking About How African People Are Actually More Violent, No Totally" class.One guy actually said there was literally no parallel or point of reference for Okonkwe's behavior in America and that it was literally impossible to understand how he could be so brutal.Which is funny, just really hilarious. Since he basically claimed that America does not have:1.) Domestic Abuse2.) FarmsThis is wonderful news. I will inform all farmers and domestic abuse victims forthwith; their troubles are over.Which is interesting, because the story being set in Africa IMMEDIATELY DIVORCED a person from understanding ANYTHING THAT HAPPENED AT ALL, despite the similarities to what we may experience in America. Hm.Anycase, this book made me think and gave me a much needed different camera angle on literature (especially the Colonially linked kind) and that's all I really asked of it. I guess you could consider me a happy customer, in that respect.P.S. EVERYONE GETS 10 JACKASS POINTS FOR COMPLAINING ABOUT AFRICAN NAMES IN A BOOK INTENDED FOR AFRICAN PEOPLE TO READ HAHAHAHAHAHA
—Flesheating D-Ray

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