1. Revised and enlarged, the lecture was published in essay form in Essays Presented to Charles Williams (London: Oxford University Press, 1947). The essay, further revised, is reprinted in Tree and Leaf (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965). 2. See The Lord of the Rings, 2nd edition (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965), Prologue, I, 23-24. All references to the epic will be to the three volumes of this edition. 3. Compare similar statements in I, 17; HI, 313, 385, and especially 411. 4. Tree and Leaf, pp. 24-25. 5. Ransacking the Pleistocene for niches into which to fit the Ages of Middle-earth is a pleasant pastime, which one hopes the players of the game are not taking seriously. See Margaret Howes' delightful article, "The Elder Ages and the Later Glaciations of the Pleistocene Epoch," Tolkien Journal, IV: 2 (1967), which picks a span from 95,000 years to 65,000 years ago. 6. Compare Sam's bestiary poem entitled "Oliphaunt" in The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1963).
